Higher concentration of 25-hydroxycholesterol in treatment-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes compared to healthy individuals

Abstract

Oxysterols are cholesterol oxidation derivatives with diverse biological activities. However, little is known about the oxysterol levels in treatment-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes. We utilized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to investigate the potential association between oxysterol concentrations and type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis in treatment-naïve patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. This case-control study enrolled 53 eligible patients with type 2 diabetes and 50 healthy volunteers. We compared serum oxysterol concentrations between the two groups; we examined the correlation between the oxysterol concentrations and the carotid plaque score in the type 2 diabetes group. Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in the concentrations of oxysterols (i.e., cholesterol-5α, 6α-epoxide; cholesterol-5β, 6β-epoxide; 7β-hydroxycholesterol; and 25-hydroxycholesterol [25-HC]) and other cardiovascular risk factors between the two groups. The 25-HC concentration was almost twofold greater in the type 2 diabetes group than in the healthy volunteers (median [interquartile range]: 8.52 [6.37-11.26] vs. 4.58 [3.45-5.44] ng/mL). After adjusting for multiple covariates, such as age, body mass index, mean arterial pressure, and triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, only the concentration of 25-HC showed a significant association with type 2 diabetes. However, the univariate analysis failed to demonstrate any significant correlation between oxysterol concentrations and the carotid plaque score among individuals with type 2 diabetes. The levels of various oxysterols differ between treatment-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy individuals; the 25-HC level differs the most prominently.