Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the association between blood lead level (BLL) and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in US adults aged ≥40 years.Methods: We obtained data from 2013 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants missing the data of BLL and AAC scores were excluded. BLL was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry directly. AAC scores were quantified by Kauppila score system, and severe AAC was defined as AAC score >6. Weighted multivariable regression analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted to explore the independent relationship between BLL with AAC score and severe AAC.Results: A total of 1,530 participants were included with the mean BLL of 1.45 ± 1.31 ng/dl and mean AAC score of 1.40 ± 3.13. The prevalence of severe AAC was 7.98% overall, and participants in higher BLL quartile showed higher prevalence of severe AAC (Quartile 1: 3.55%, Quartile 2: 7.28%, Quartile 3: 9.88%, Quartile 4: 12.58%, P < 0.0001). BLL was positively associated with higher AAC score (β = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.27, P = 0.021) and increased risk of severe AAC (OR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.00–1.22; P = 0.047). Subgroup analysis and interaction test indicated that the association between BLL and AAC was similar in different population settings.Conclusions: Higher BLL was associated with higher AAC score and increased risk of severe AAC. Lead burden should be considered for people with AAC in clinical settings.
Highlights
Vascular calcification (VC) is the abnormal deposition of calcium, phosphorus, and other minerals in the vessel wall and could be commonly observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes [1,2,3]
This study aimed to evaluate the association between blood lead level (BLL) and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in US adults aged ≥40 years
BLL was positively associated with higher AAC score (β = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.27, P = 0.021) and increased risk of severe AAC (OR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.00–1.22; P = 0.047)
Summary
Vascular calcification (VC) is the abnormal deposition of calcium, phosphorus, and other minerals in the vessel wall and could be commonly observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes [1,2,3] It is one of the most significant independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality, especially in CKD population [4, 5]. Previous studies have reported that AAC deposition detected on lateral lumbar radiographs was an independent predictor of subsequent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [4] In another meta-analysis including 10 studies, AAC was a strong predictor of CVD and mortality in the general population, especially in those with higher aortic calcification levels [11]
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