Abstract
In this work, the synthesis of a series of the functionalized inorganic/organic composite anion exchange membranes (AEMs) was carried out by employing the varying amount of inorganic filler consist of N-(trimethoxysilylpropyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (TMSP-TMA+Cl−) into the quaternized poly (2, 6-dimethyl-1, 4-phenylene oxide) (QPPO) matrix for acid recovery via diffusion dialysis (DD) process. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy clearly demonstrated the fabrication of the functionalized inorganic/organic composite AEMs and the subsequent membrane characteristic measurements such as ion exchange capacity (IEC), linear swelling ratio (LSR), and water uptake (WR) gave us the optimum loading condition of the filler without undesirable filler particle aggregation. These composite AEMs exhibited IEC of 2.18 to 2.29 meq/g, LSR of 13.33 to 18.52%, and WR of 46.11 to 81.66% with sufficient thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability. The diffusion dialysis (DD) test for acid recovery from artificial acid wastewater of HCl/FeCl2 showed high acid DD coefficient (UH+) (0.022 to 0.025 m/h) and high separation factor (S) (139-260) compared with the commercial membrane. Furthermore, the developed AEMs was acceptably stable (weight loss < 20%) in the acid wastewater at 60 °C as an accelerated severe condition for 2 weeks. These results clearly indicated that the developed AEMs have sufficient potential for acid recovery application by DD process.
Highlights
Water pollution is going to be a severe risk to our environment and the availability of clean water assets with the continuous increase in urbanization and industrialization
Due to the presence of a highly reactive –CH2Br group, BPPO contains outstanding membrane formation and functionalizable properties [26,35]. Inorganic filler such as N-(trimethoxysilylpropyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride is crucial for the development of the functionalized inorganic/organic composite anion exchange membranes (AEMs) by incorporating into the quaternized poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (QPPO) matrix
AEMs [26I]n: this research, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) test was used to demonstrate the quaternization of PPO and tphuerefaBbPriPcOatimonemofbtrhaenefu, QncPtPioOnamliezmedbirnaonreg,Uaann=idc/tohAregtMap∆nrieCcpcaoremdpionsoirtegaAnEicM/osr.gFaTnIiRc spectra of composite where A is the effective membrane area (m2), M is the amount of component transported in, ∆C is the logarithm average concentration between the two chambers, t is the time (h), and ∆C was measured by employing below relationship [26]:
Summary
Water pollution is going to be a severe risk to our environment and the availability of clean water assets with the continuous increase in urbanization and industrialization. It must exhibit reasonable water uptake, good thermo-mechanical stability, excellent chemical resistance, and high anion permeability and selectivity along with a low price for DD process [22] They were prepared by bonding ion-exchange groups with a polymeric material [23,24]. Due to the presence of a highly reactive –CH2Br group, BPPO contains outstanding membrane formation and functionalizable properties [26,35] Inorganic filler such as N-(trimethoxysilylpropyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride is crucial for the development of the functionalized inorganic/organic composite AEMs by incorporating into the quaternized poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (QPPO) matrix. The prepared functionalized inorganic/organic composite AEMs were designed as QPPO-2.5, QPPO-5, QPPO-7.5, and QPPO-10, respectively, where 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 refer to the weight percentage (%) of N-(trimethoxysilylpropyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride into the QPPO They were peeled off from the glass plates and cleaned with distilled water prior to study and characterization. LDRY where LDRY and LWET are the lengths of dry and wet functionalized inorganic/organic composite AEMs, respectively
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