Abstract
The charged particle community is looking for techniques exploiting proton interactions instead of X-ray absorption for creating images of human tissue. Due to multiple Coulomb scattering inside the measured object it has shown to be highly non-trivial to achieve sufficient spatial resolution. We present imaging of biological tissue with a proton microscope. This device relies on magnetic optics, distinguishing it from most published proton imaging methods. For these methods reducing the data acquisition time to a clinically acceptable level has turned out to be challenging. In a proton microscope, data acquisition and processing are much simpler. This device even allows imaging in real time. The primary medical application will be image guidance in proton radiosurgery. Proton images demonstrating the potential for this application are presented. Tomographic reconstructions are included to raise awareness of the possibility of high-resolution proton tomography using magneto-optics.
Highlights
The following mini-review is not essential for the understanding of the method we used, but helps to appreciate its benefits
Proton imaging experiments of the last about 50 years were based on 1) particle attenuation, 2) nuclear scattering and 3) particle tracking combined with energy loss
Experimental attempts in proton radiography started with Koehler et al.[4], who chose the particle attenuation approach using a scattered beam with E = 137 MeV
Summary
The following mini-review is not essential for the understanding of the method we used, but helps to appreciate its benefits. The reader might skip this part and proceed with the explanation of the instrument . Proton imaging experiments of the last about 50 years were based on 1) particle attenuation, 2) nuclear scattering and 3) particle tracking combined with energy loss. Particle attenuation and energy loss setups work with non-relativistic energies. None of these approaches has made it to clinical trials yet. Experimental attempts in proton radiography started with Koehler et al.[4], who chose the particle attenuation approach using a scattered beam with E = 137 MeV. Proton flux attenuation was measured with a radiosensitive film placed downstream of the imaged object. MCS limited resolution to a few millimeters, which is too low, both for image guidance and for proton tomography
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