Abstract
High-energy neutrino-nucleus interactions are discussed by considering neutrino-oscillation experiments and ultra-high-energy cosmic neutrino interactions. The largest systematic error for the current neutrino oscillation measurements comes from the neutrino-nucleus interaction part, and its accurate understanding is essential for high-precision neutrino physics, namely for studying CP violation in the lepton sector. Depending on neutrino beam energies, quasi-elastic, resonance, Regge, or/and deep inelastic scattering (DIS) processes contribute to the neutrino cross section. It is desirable to have a code to calculate the neutrino-nucleus cross section in any kinematical range by combining various theoretical descriptions. On the other hand, the IceCube collaboration started obtaining cross section data up to the 1015 eV range, so that it became necessary to understand ultra-high-energy neutrino interactions beyond the artificial lepton-accelerator energy range. For future precise neutrino physics including the CP measurement, it is also necessary to understand accurate nuclear corrections. The current status is explained for nuclear corrections in DIS structure functions. The possibility is also discussed to find gravitational sources within nucleons and nuclei, namely matrix elements of quark-gluon energy-momentum tensor. They could be probed by neutrino interactions without replying on direct ultra-weak “gravitational interactions” with high-intensity neutrino beams, possibly at a future neutrino factory, by using techniques of hadron tomography.
Highlights
In recent years, precise descriptions of high-energy neutrino-nucleon and neutrino-nucleus reactions became necessary
As neutrino measurements become accurate in the neutrino oscillation experiments, it became necessary to understand nuclear corrections because neutrino-oxygen interactions are involved in the measurements, they are partly constrained by near-detector experiments
For future CP violation measurements for the lepton sector, neutrino-nucleus cross sections should be calculated within about 5% accuracy
Summary
Precise descriptions of high-energy neutrino-nucleon and neutrino-nucleus reactions became necessary. It is motivated by the progress of neutrino oscillation experiments. We expect to have much experimental progress in this field by considering other future plans on high-energy neutrino experiments such as KM3NeT (Cubic Kilometer Neutrino Telescope) and Baikal GVD (Gigaton Volume Detector). Considering these circumstances, we explain descriptions of high-energy neutrino-nucleon and neutrinonucleus cross sections by focusing mainly on the deep-
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