Abstract
We investigate four-wave mixing in hydrogen gas using a gas cell and a hollow fiber for the generation of high-energy, multicolor femtosecond (fs) optical pulses. Both a hydrogen-filled gas cell and hollow fiber lead to the generation of multicolor fs pulses in a broad spectral range from the deep ultraviolet to the near infrared. However, there is a difference in the energy distribution of the multicolor emission between the gas cell and the hollow fiber. The hydrogen-filled gas cell generates visible pulses with higher energies than the pulses created by the hollow fiber. We have generated visible pulses with energies of several tens of microjoules. The hydrogen-filled hollow fiber, on the other hand, generates ultraviolet pulses with energies of a few microjoules, which are higher than the energies of the ultraviolet pulses generated in the gas cell. In both schemes, the spectral width of each emission line supports a transform-limited pulse duration shorter than 15 fs. Four-wave mixing in hydrogen gas therefore can be used for the development of a light source that emits sub-20 fs multicolor pulses in a wavelength region from the deep ultraviolet to the near infrared with microjoule pulse energies.
Highlights
Four-wave mixing (FWM) has been investigated and used in the past few decades to generate multicolor laser emission in various wavelength regions
The generation of multicolor laser emission via FWM has hitherto been extensively studied in deuterium and hydrogen gases [2,3,4,5] and extremely short optical pulses with durations shorter than 2 fs have been generated [3,5] by Fourier synthesis of the emission lines [6,7]
The efficiency of the XPM is smaller and the spectral width of anti-Stokes emission is narrower for the gas cell, the spectral widths of the multicolor emission achieved for the gas cell at a pressure of 2 atm support transform-limited pulse durations shorter than 15 fs
Summary
Four-wave mixing (FWM) has been investigated and used in the past few decades to generate multicolor laser emission in various wavelength regions. Multicolor generation via the vibrational transition has been investigated both in a hydrogen-filled hollow fiber using two-color fs pump pulses at 800 and 600 nm [12] and in a hydrogen-filled gas cell using shorter two-color NIR pump pulses emitting at 800 and 1200 nm [20]. These investigations have reported multicolor laser emission covering from the DUV to NIR. The latter produces higher-energy multicolor pulses in the ultraviolet range
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