High-energy and low-energy collision-induced dissociation of protonated flavonoids generated by MALDI and by electrospray ionization

Abstract

Product ion mass spectra of a series of nine protonated flavonoids have been observed by electrospray ionization combined with quadrupole/time-of-flight (ESI QTOF), and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization combined either with quadrupole ion trap (MALDI QIT) tandem mass spectrometry or time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF ReTOF). The compounds examined are 3,6-, 3,2′-, and 3,3′-dihydoxyflavone, apigenin (5,7,4′-trihydroxyflavone), luteolin (5,7,3′,4′-tetrahydroxyflavone), apigenin-7- O-glucoside, hesperidin (5,7,3′-trihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavanone), daidzen (7,4′-dihydroxyisoflavone), and rutin (quercitin-3- O-rutinoside) where quercitin is 3,5,7,3′,4′-pentahydroxyflavone; sodiated rutin was examined also. The center-of-mass energies in ESI QTOF and MALDI QIT are similar (1–4 eV) and their product ion mass spectra are virtually identical. In the MALDI TOF ReTOF instrument, center-of-mass energies range from 126–309 eV for sodiated rutin to protonated dihydroxyflavones, respectively. Due to the high center-of-mass energies available with the MALDI TOF ReTOF instrument, some useful structural information may be obtained; however, with increasing precursor mass/charge ratio, product ion mass spectra become simplified so as to be of limited structural value. Electronic excitation of the protonated (and sodiated) species examined here offers an explanation for the very simple product ion mass spectra observed particularly for glycosylated flavonoids.