High-Dose Ultraviolet A1 (UVA1), but Not UVA/UVB Therapy, Decreases IgE-Binding Cells in Lesional Skin of Patients with Atopic Eczema

Abstract

In order to further elucidate the mechanisms by which high-dose ultraviolet A1 (UVA1) therapy leads to improvement in patients with atopic eczema, we assessed skin sections from patients before and after high-dose UVA1 therapy (n = 5) or conventional UVA/UVB therapy (n = 4) for changes in Langerhans cells and mast cells expressing the high-affinity IgE receptor Fc epsilon RI and in surface-bound IgE by histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. The two treatment groups exhibited different patterns of changes in the number of Fc epsilon RI+, CD1a+, and mast cells within the dermis: The density of both Langerhans cells and mast cells was decreased after high-dose UVA1 therapy, but not after UVA/UVB therapy. High-dose UVA1 and UVA/UVB therapy significantly increased the number of CD1a+ cells within the epidermis, but only high-dose UVA1 reduced the relative number of IgE+ intraepidermal Langerhans cells typically found in atopic eczema. Reduction of numbers of dermal Langerhans cells and mast cells, as well as relative numbers of intraepidermal IgE+ Langerhans cells, was closely linked to significant clinical improvement by high-dose UVA1, but not UVA/UVB therapy. These studies support the notion that IgE-binding cutaneous cells are involved in the pathogenesis of atopic eczema. We propose that UVA1 radiation exerts its effects in atopic eczema, at least in part, by inhibiting Langerhans cell migration out of the epidermis and, in particular, by reducing the number of IgE-bearing Langerhans cells and mast cells in the dermis.