Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) represents a difficult and heterogeneous group of leukemias from cells of myeloid origin [6, 8]. In the Nordic countries, all cases of acute childhood leukemias have been registered since 1 July 1981 [17]. By 31 December 1987, 1297 cases of leukemias had been registered, among which 184 (14%) were classified as AML. Traditionally the results of therapy in this group of leukemias are markedly inferior to those with acute lymphocytic leukemias, where progress is well known and well documented [8]. In recent years, however, the treatment of AML has slowly improved due to more aggressive and intensive chemotherapy. Many protocols now report a 70%–80% induction response rate with about 25%–50% long-term survivors after intensive consolidation therapy [1, 9, 11, 12, 16, 25, 28, 31, 34]. This paper is a preliminary report of the first Nordic trial on AML in children. Its main contribution is that it is a population-based study, and that it investigates the role of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) given at a high dose as the only drug in consolidation therapy.
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