High-Density Micro- and Nano-Grain Size Ceramics. Transition from Open into Closed Pores. Part 2. Binder Removal from a Workpiece1

Abstract

An explanation is proposed for processes that occur when producing high-density micro- and nano-granular ceramics without the use of external pressure based on the data accumulated in publications. It is well known that pore growth commences after the start transition of open into closed pores that begins with about 30% open porosity. It is necessary to maintain open pores to the maximum possible total density of sintered ceramics. This regime may be implemented in various ways, including the binder removal stage. In this stage, defects may arise in a workpiece at macro-, micro-, and sub-levels. Numerous methods exist for binder removal. This article describes the main methods making it possible to reduce the number of defects.