Abstract
An impedance read-out circuit with high accuracy implemented using a TSMC 0.18 um mixed-signal CMOS process for BIA-type (bio-electrical impedance analysis) sensors to detect biomarkers is proposed in this investigation. In addition to proposing the impedance estimation circuit, the associated analytic proof is also disclosed. Using a high-order approximation model and high noise rejection capability by the addition of OPAs (operational amplifiers), the proposed system demonstrates a solution with high accuracy in terms of the maximum impedance error ( $$\mathrm<$$ 6 %) and the least phase error ( $$\mathrm < $$ 3 $${^\circ }$$ ) in a frequency range from 1 kHz to 2 MHz.
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