Abstract
This work presents Prussian blue solid boosters for use in high voltage redox-mediated flow batteries (RMFB) based on non-aqueous electrolytes. The system consisted of sodium iodide as a redox mediator in an acetonitrile catholyte containing solid Prussian blue powder. The combination enabled the solid booster utilization in the proposed systems to reach as high as 66 mAh g−1 for hydrated Prussian blue and 110 mAh g−1 for anhydrous rhombohedral Prussian blue in cells with an average potential of about 3 V (vs. Na+/Na). Though the boosted system suffers from capacity fading, it opens up possibilities to develop non-aqueous RMFB with low-cost materials.
Highlights
Flow batteries are one of the most promising options to realize medium- to long-term energy storage due to the excellent scalability of these systems combined with the very high safety afforded by separate storage of the anolyte and the catholyte
80 mAh g−1 in the hydrated monoclinic form and Prussian blue −
Obtains ca. 80 mAh g in the hydrated monoclinic form and 150–160 mAh mAh g when completely dehydrated to rhombohedral structure
Summary
Flow batteries are one of the most promising options to realize medium- to long-term energy storage due to the excellent scalability of these systems combined with the very high safety afforded by separate storage of the anolyte and the catholyte. The sodium iodide allows for high booster utilization and is expected to handle the potential difference between high and low spin iron in rhombohedral Prussian blue, since the use of I2 as an oxidizer and NaI as a reducing wouldisnot be optimal thistwo system.
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