Abstract
SummaryChloride-ion battery (CIB) is regarded as a promising electrochemical storage device due to their high theoretical volumetric capacities, low cost, and high abundance. However, low-cycle life limits its application in the energy storage field. Herein, we report a rechargeable CIB composed of a “water-in-salt” electrolyte, a zinc anode, and a carbon cathode (graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon black). These cathodes exhibit initial reversible specific capacities of 136, 108, and 102 mAh g−1, respectively. Especially, a reversible discharge capacity of 95 mAh g−1 was retained after 2000 cycles when graphene is used as the cathode. Such high cycling stability was first reported in CIBs. Furthermore, the use of “water-in-salt” electrolytes has improved the discharge platform of aqueous CIBs to 2.6V. The charge and discharge mechanism of the carbon cathode was investigated by TEM, FTIR, Raman, and XPS, proving the chloride ions reversible absorption/desorption in carbon cathodes.
Highlights
With the development of portable electronic devices, clean energy, and electric vehicles, there is a growing demand for rechargeable batteries with high cycle life, low cost, and high energy density that are environment-friendly and safe (Amine et al, 2014)
In summary, we proposed a Chloride-ion battery (CIB) based on a carbon cathode, a metal anode, and the ‘‘water-in-salt’’ electrolyte
The significance of this work proposes new chloride ion storage electrode materials, finding a safe, economical, and high stability electrolyte that widens the electrochemical window of chloride ion aqueous electrolytes to 3.1 V, highly improving the cycle life compared to traditional CIBs
Summary
With the development of portable electronic devices, clean energy, and electric vehicles, there is a growing demand for rechargeable batteries with high cycle life, low cost, and high energy density that are environment-friendly and safe (Amine et al, 2014). Metal oxychlorides (FeOCl, VOCl, Sb4O5Cl2) and chloride ion-doped conducting polymer materials such as PpyCl have been explored as cathode materials for CIBs (Zhao et al, 2013, 2017; Gao et al, 2014, 2016; Lakshmi et al, 2019). These new cathode materials show better stability and electrochemical performance than metal chlorides in ionic liquids electrolyte, the issue of electrode dissolution remains. Exploring highly reversible electrodes and compatible electrolytes are critical to the development of CIBs
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