Abstract
Eleven local cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum) were chosen to study the effect of ambient ozone (O3) concentration in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India at two high-ozone experimental sites by using 300 ppm of Ethylenediurea (EDU) as a chemical protectant against O3. The O3 level was more than double the critical threshold reported for wheat grain production (AOT40 8.66 ppm h). EDU-grown plants had higher grain yield, biomass, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis, less lipid peroxidation, changes in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, changes in content of oxidized and reduced glutathione compared to non-EDU plants, thus indicating the severity of O3 induced productivity loss. Based on the yield at two different growing sites, the cultivars could be addressed in four response groups: (a) generally well-adapted cultivars (above-average yield); (b) poorly-adapted (below-average yield); (c) adapted to low-yield environment (below-average yield); and (d) sensitive cultivars (adapted to high-yield environment). EDU responses were dependent on the cultivar, the developmental phase (vegetative, flowering and harvest) and the experimental site.
Highlights
Tropospheric ozone (O3 ) is a phytotoxic pollutant causing substantial damage to agricultural production and food security [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
Above 40 ppb during most of the growing season for wheat, especially during the flowering phase, high daily O3 concentrations were observed throughout the experiment (Figure 2)
March), high daily O3 concentrations were observed throughout the experiment (Figure 2)
Summary
Tropospheric ozone (O3 ) is a phytotoxic pollutant causing substantial damage to agricultural production and food security [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. O3 concentrations, especially in the East and South Asian regions due to the increased O3 precursor emissions that result from high population density, rapid industrial growth and favorable climatic conditions [9,10,11]. Tropospheric O3 concentration has increased in India and China by 20% and 13%, respectively, from the year 1999 to 2013 [12]. Recent studies have shown very high O3 concentrations in. In the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) region, which is one of the most fertile agricultural land areas facing high pollution and population loads [13,14,15]. By 2030, the population of India is projected to increase further by 300 million people
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