Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are paracrine factors that mediate stem cell therapeutics. We aimed at evaluating the possible therapeutic and esthetic applications of EVs prepared from the waste human facial tissue-derived orbicularis oculi muscle stem cells (OOM-SCs). OOM-SCs were isolated from the ocular tissues (from elders and youngsters) after upper eyelid blepharoplasty or epiblepharon surgeries. EVs were prepared from the OOM-SCs (OOM-SC-EVs) and their three-dimensional spheroids. OOM-SCs showed a spindle-like morphology with trilineage differentiation capacity, positive expression of CD105, CD 90, and CD73, and negative expression of CD45 and CD34, and their stem cell properties were compared with other adult mesenchymal stem cells. OOM-SC-EVs showed a high inhibitory effect on melanin synthesis in B16F10 cells by blocking tyrosinase activity. OOM-SC-EVs treatment led to a significant attenuation of senescence-associated changes, a decrease in reactive oxygen species generation, and an upregulation of antioxidant genes. We demonstrated the regeneration activity of OOM-SC-EVs in in vitro wound healing of normal human dermal fibroblasts and upregulation of anti-wrinkle-related genes and confirmed the therapeutic potential of OOM-SC-EVs in the healing of the in vivo wound model. Our study provides promising therapeutic and esthetic applications of OOM-SC-EVs, which can be obtained from the ocular surgery-derived waste human facial tissues.
Highlights
We examined the characteristics of orbicularis oculi muscle stem cells (OOM-SCs) in terms of expression of surface markers, stemness markers expression level, colony-forming, and trilineage differentiation capacities in comparison to other mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) such as human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly-MSCs (WJ-MSCs), human adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs), and human urine-derived stem cells (USCs)
We confirmed the spindle-like morphology and the adherence of orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM)-SCs derived from a 74-year-old donor (OOM-SC-74) and the OOF-derived cells (OOFCs)-74 that derived from the same donor (Figure S1A)
We found a sharp increase in population doubling time in OOFC-74 at P 9, whereas OOM-SC-74 showed an increase in the doubling time at P13 (Figure S1B)
Summary
Eyelid blepharoplasty is one of the most commonly performed facial cosmetic procedures [1], and myocutaneous flaps of the orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM) have previously been used to repair facial skin defects of the cheek, nose, and eyelid [2,3]. During these surgeries, large amounts of OOM were removed and considered as medical waste. OOMs, which are rich in vascular distribution, may have regenerative capacity and play vital roles in tissue grafting and facial burn injury repair [4].
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