High temperature steam oxidation study on Zr–2.5%Nb pressure tube under simulated LOCA condition

Abstract

Study of high temperature steam oxidation kinetics and microstructural evolution during the oxidation was carried out on the coupons of Zr–2.5%Nb pressure tube material of Indian Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) in the temperature range 500–1050°C. The oxidation kinetics derived from the weight gain measurements showed a parabolic rate law with the parabolic rate constant KP expressed as an Arrhenius equation KP=10.12×108×exp(−18664/T). Hydrogen pick up was less than 55ppm in the samples oxidized at temperatures up to 850°C but high (250–400ppm) in the samples oxidized in the β phase region (900°C and above). The microstructure of the samples oxidized above the α-Zr/β-Zr transition temperature showed from the surface inwards sequentially the presence of an oxide layer, an underlying oxygen stabilized α-Zr layer and a prior β-Zr phase containing hydride precipitates. An increase in the hardness was observed near the oxide-metal interface in the coupons oxidized above 900°C, due to formation of oxygen stabilized α-Zr layer. Higher hardness was also observed in the base metal in the samples oxidized at 1000°C and 1050°C.