Abstract
Abstract The scaling behavior of hafnium in air was studied in the temperature range of 600–1200 G. Hafnium initially scaled at a rate between parabolic and cubic, followed by a transition to a much faster rate because of scale cracking. The transition phenomenon was associated with a change from a compact black scale to a porous white scale. Nitrogen, in the presence of oxygen, was responsible for transition by a mechanism which may involve crystal structure and compositional changes in the scale during scaling. The scaling behavior of hafnium and zirconium in air were found to be almost identical except that the latter exhibited growth whereas the former was dimensionally stable. 3.2.3, 6.3.21
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