High-temperature reaction of SiO2 with methanol: Nucleophilic assistance of some N-unsubstituted benzazoles

Abstract

SiO2-containing materials (quartz, Pyrex glass, silica gel, and H-Y zeolite) react slowly with methanol at 350°C under both supercritical and gas-phase conditions. The amount of SiO2 reacted with supercritical methanol depends on the kind of the material and is varied from 0.05wt% for quartz sand to 4.0wt% for wide-porous silica gel for 5h of the reaction. The main products of the reaction are methyl orthosilicates, mainly tetramethyl orthosilicate. N-Unsubstituted 1H-indole, 1H-benzimidazole, and 1H-indazole additives considerably increase the amount of reacted SiO2-containing material. Noteworthy, quartz sand “solubility” is increased ca 14-fold when indole is used at the same reaction conditions. These benzazoles provide a nucleophilic assistance to the reaction between SiO2 and methanol. During the assistance, the azole ring is methylated by methanol, and the participation of SiO2-surface or tetramethyl orthosilicate molecule facilitates the alkylation reaction of benzazole used.