Abstract
Organic waste makes up the bulk of all hazardous waste. Organic waste containing chlorine has a particular danger to the environment. The main method of reduction of hazardous organic waste in the world is high-temperature incineration in special incinerators, as well as in rotary cement kilns. However, there is a danger of secondary generation of supertoxicants as dioxins and furans. The performed comparative analysis of the conditions of generation of dioxins in incinerators, cement kilns and high-temperature metallurgical aggregates (an oxygen steel-making converter) has shown the benefits of the last due to the high temperature, the intensity of heat and mass transfer, the active oxidizing atmosphere, the highly basic slag, rapid cooling and afterburning off-gas. The conducted studies of the content of 17 isomers of dioxins and furans in the dust in converter gas on comparative and experimental melts using paper and plastic waste in conditions of OJSC “EVRAZ ZSMK” have shown that their total concentration is significantly lower than the European standards for off-gases from stationary sources. Significant differences in the concentrations and in the isomeric profile of dioxins and furans on the comparative experimental melts have not been found.
Highlights
Organic waste makes up the bulk of all hazardous waste
Organic waste containing chlorine has a particular danger to the environment
There is a danger of secondary generation of supertoxicants as dioxins and furans
Summary
Мокрая очистка отходящих газов обеспечивает высокую степень улавливания пыли – до 99,5 %. В существующей системе газоочистки конвертеров имеются благоприятные условия для улавливания хлорсодержащих примесей из отходящих газов в тех случаях, когда они образуются, например, при попадании в отходы изделий из ПВХ или дезинфекции отходов хлорсодержащими дезинфицирующими препаратами. Установлено, что основные технологические параметры опытных и сравнительных плавок различались незначительно. Отмечена более высокая температура стали на повалке на опытных плавках – 1706 и 1655 °С, на сравнительных плавках она составила 1619 – 1661 и 1629 °С соответственно, что свидетельст вует о более высоких температурах в ванне в период плавки вследствие высокой теплоты сгорания отходов. Сравнительная характеристика условий образования диоксинов и технологических параметров агрегатов, используемых для сжигания опасных органических отходов
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