Abstract
Pleurotus ostreatus is a widely cultivated edible fungus in China. Green mold disease of P. ostreatus which can seriously affect yield is a common disease during cultivation. It occurs mostly after P. ostreatus mycelia have been subjected to high temperatures. However, little information is available on the relationship between high temperature and green mold disease. The aim of this study is to prove that extracellular metabolites of P. ostreatus affected by high temperature can promote the growth of Trichoderma asperellum. After P. ostreatus mycelia was subjected to high temperature, the extracellular fluid of P. ostreatus showed a higher promoting effect on mycelial growth and conidial germination of T. asperellum. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) content reached the maximum after 48 h at 36°C. A comprehensive metabolite profiling strategy involving gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was used to analyze the changes of extracellular metabolites in response to high temperature. A total of 141 differential metabolites were identified, including 84.4% up-regulated and 15.6% down-regulated. Exogenous metabolites whose concentrations were increased after high temperature were randomly selected, and nearly all of them were able to promote the mycelial growth and conidial germination of T. asperellum. The combination of all selected exogenous metabolites also has the promotion effects on the mycelial growth and conidial germination of T. asperellum in a given concentration range in vitro. Overall, these results provide a first view that high temperature affects the extracellular metabolites of P. ostreatus, and the extensive change in metabolites promotes T. asperellum growth.
Highlights
Pleurotus ostreatus known as the oyster mushroom is an important commercial mushroom which is widely cultivated all year round in China
Trichoderma asperellum T11 mycelial growth and conidial germination were significantly more stimulated by extracellular fluid of P. ostreatus P89 (Figures 1A,B)
The results showed that extracellular fluid collected from which subjected to high temperature stresses for 2 days (32◦, 36◦, and 40◦C) exhibited similar promoting effects on T11 mycelial growth and conidial germination (Figure 1)
Summary
Pleurotus ostreatus known as the oyster mushroom is an important commercial mushroom which is widely cultivated all year round in China. Several cases of green mold disease have been found during the cultivation of P. ostreatus in many countries (Komon-Zelazowska et al, 2007; Blaszczyk et al, 2013). Most reports have mainly focused on the infection mechanism of Trichoderma and the inhibition effect of Trichoderma spp. on the mycelial growth of other fungi (Amin et al, 2010; Eslaminejad Parizi et al, 2012; Shamoli et al, 2013). Our previous study has found that high temperature plays an important role in the cause of green mold disease (Qiu et al, 2017). Extracellular metabolites of P. ostreatus especially after heat stress and their effects on the growth of Trichoderma have not been reported yet
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