Abstract
This study aimed to generate a comparative data on biological response of yttrium oxide nanoparticles (Y2O3 NPs) with the antioxidant CeO2 NPs and pro-oxidant ZnO NPs. Sizes of Y2O3 NPs were found to be in the range of 35±10 nm as measured by TEM and were larger from its hydrodynamic sizes in water (1004 ± 134 nm), PBS (3373 ± 249 nm), serum free culture media (1735 ± 305 nm) and complete culture media (542 ± 108 nm). Surface reactivity of Y2O3 NPs with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was found significantly higher than for CeO2 and ZnO NPs. The displacement studies clearly suggested that adsorption to either BSA, filtered serum or serum free media was quite stable, and was dependent on whichever component interacted first with the Y2O3 NPs. Enzyme mimetic activity, like that of CeO2 NPs, was not detected for the NPs of Y2O3 or ZnO. Cell viability measured by MTT and neutral red uptake (NRU) assays suggested Y2O3 NPs were not toxic in human breast carcinoma MCF-7 and fibroblast HT-1080 cells up to the concentration of 200 μg/mL for a 24 h treatment period. Oxidative stress markers suggested Y2O3 NPs to be tolerably non-oxidative and biocompatible. Moreover, mitochondrial potential determined by JC-1 as well as lysosomal activity determined by lysotracker (LTR) remained un-affected and intact due to Y2O3 and CeO2 NPs whereas, as expected, were significantly induced by ZnO NPs. Hoechst-PI dual staining clearly suggested apoptotic potential of only ZnO NPs. With high surface reactivity and biocompatibility, NPs of Y2O3 could be a promising agent in the field of nanomedicine.
Highlights
Screening of nanoparticles (NPs; defined as particles having, at least, one dimension below100 nm) to be exploited in nanomedicine has been unprecedented in recent years since they provide multiple avenues in diagnosis and therapy of diseases
We have provided a comparative data on surface reactivity with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and media components which is not known
Sizes and zeta potential of NPs in distilled water, phosphate buffer saline, serum free culture medium and complete culture media were measured to see the potential differences caused by serum and media components
Summary
Screening of nanoparticles (NPs; defined as particles having, at least, one dimension below100 nm) to be exploited in nanomedicine has been unprecedented in recent years since they provide multiple avenues in diagnosis and therapy of diseases. NPs could be engineered to target cancerous cells and release anticancer drugs therein, avoiding normal cell toxicity that is a bigger obstacle in conventional chemotherapy [1,2]. NPs originating from lanthanide group exhibit remarkable properties owing to their high optical activity, surface reactivity and superior photo stability [3,4,5]. Good thermal conductivity, superior stability and excellent mechanical property make yttrium oxide (Y2 O3 ) NPs a fascinating material [6]. Molecules 2020, 25, 1137 targeting to cancer cells while sparing normal cells, requires NPs with certain inherent properties. Biocompatibility and surface reactivity are some of the important criteria
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