Abstract
To prevent chemical erosion of concrete and improve chemical resistance, reinforced concrete flumes were manufactured, conforming to the Korean Industrial Standards (KS). Two different sizes of liquid crystal display (LCD) waste glass powder (LWGP) particles were used (i.e., 5 and 12 µm) with two substitution types with cement in concrete (i.e., 10% and 20%). Changes in compressive strength, pore structure, weight, volume, and strength of the concrete flumes after immersion in two sulfate solutions (i.e., Na2SO4 and MgSO4) for 84 and 182 days were measured for sulfate attack resistance. The applicability of the LWGP concrete flume with a 0.5 mm crack width was also evaluated based on the bending strength results. The LWGP5, which has a smaller particle size among LWGPs, filled the smaller pores, thereby reducing the porosity and contributing to the compressive strength gain. Higher volume and weight change ratios for all specimens immersed in MgSO4 solution were found than those immersed in Na2SO4 solution under identical conditions. Flexural loads of all the LWGP concrete flumes with 0.05 mm crack widths were greater than 48.5 kN, as required by the KS code; however, these flexural loads were lower than those of ordinary Portland cement. The applicability was also validated via a flexural test complying with KS.
Highlights
In recent years, technological development of concrete materials has enabled the design of enlarged, high-rise, and multi-functional structures and plays a pivotal role in protecting human lives and properties from various disasters
Strength and compressive strengths of the concrete mixed with the liquid crystal display (LCD) powder are shown in Figure 6, The The compressive strengths of the concrete mixed with the LCD powder are shown in Figure 6, in in which the compressive strengths were obtained for five cases with different diameters and which the compressive strengths were obtained for five cases with different diameters and replacement replacement ratios (i.e., ordinary Portland cement (OPC), LWGP5-10, LWGP5-20, LWGP12-10, and LWGP12-20)
This study study used used the the LCD waste glass powder (LWGP), LWGP, an waste material, material, as as an an admixture admixture to to increase increase the the sulfate sulfate
Summary
Technological development of concrete materials has enabled the design of enlarged, high-rise, and multi-functional structures and plays a pivotal role in protecting human lives and properties from various disasters. Reinforced concrete flumes are most commonly used in flow water, sewage, and wastewater plants The durability of such flumes reduces because of various pollutants contained in water [4,5,6,7,8,9]. The incorporation of pozzolanic materials produces a C–S–H phase within the cement matrix, which further densifies the cement matrix It reduces permeability and improves the durability of concrete by suppressing the pore continuity. The replacement dosage of cement and the high fineness of the LCD waste glass powder (LWGP) are considered appropriate for durability improvement. Volume, and weight caused by chemical erosion were measured and compared Based on these results, concrete flumes with an improved chemical resistance were fabricated to conform to the Korean Industrial Standards (KS F 4010) [19]. A new concrete channel using LWGP was developed which could increase the resistance of the concrete structures to sulfate attack
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