Abstract
We report the first Yb:ZBLAN and Yb:IOG10 waveguide lasers fabricated by the fs-laser direct-writing technique. Pulses from a Titanium-Sapphire laser oscillator with 5.1 MHz repetition rate were utilized to generate negative refractive index modifications in both glasses. Multiple modifications were aligned in a depressed cladding geometry to create a waveguide. For Yb:ZBLAN we demonstrate high laser slope efficiency of 84% with a maximum output power of 170 mW. By using Yb:IOG10 a laser performance of 25% slope efficiency and 72 mW output power was achieved and we measured a remarkably high refractive index change exceeding Δn = 2.3 × 10(-2).
Highlights
Integrated photonic devices are gaining in scientific and industrial importance since they offer complex circuitry and hybrid functionality on a small footprint [1,2,3]
We report the first Yb:ZBLAN and Yb:IOG10 waveguide lasers fabricated by the fs-laser direct-writing technique
These Waveguide lasers (WGLs) were written in the athermal regime with kHz-repetition rate femtosecond pulses that gave rise to a positive refractive index change (RIC)
Summary
Integrated photonic devices are gaining in scientific and industrial importance since they offer complex circuitry and hybrid functionality on a small footprint [1,2,3]. Direct-written Yb-doped phosphate glass WGLs suffered from self-annealing during operation that leads to degradation of the waveguides and the incorporated Bragg-gratings [16] These WGLs were written in the athermal regime with kHz-repetition rate femtosecond pulses that gave rise to a positive refractive index change (RIC). While it became clear that Yb:IOG1, a commercial phosphate glass from Schott, is not suited for our purposes [18], Yb:IOG10, a silicate glass (Schott), was a more encouraging candidate based on previous studies [22] In the latter a MHz-laser was utilized to fabricate reasonably circular modifications with negative RIC in undoped IOG10. For each material we discuss specific fabrication requirements, waveguide properties and lasing performance
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