Abstract
Saliva based diagnostics is a rapidly evolving field due to the large diagnostic potential and simple sample collection. Currently only few individual molecules were investigated for their diagnostic capabilities in saliva. A systematic comparison of IgG antibody profiles in saliva and plasma is still missing in scientific literature. Our hypothesis is that IgG profiles in plasma and saliva are highly similar for each individual. As a consequence, one could implement practically any plasma based IgG assay (classical serology) as saliva based assay. In other words, the IgG antibodies found in blood are also accessible from saliva. We confirm our hypothesis by comparing IgG reactivities towards protein and peptide antigens. We isolated saliva IgG with high purity and demonstrate that plasma IgG reactivities (classical serology) can be inferred from saliva. As a showcase we perform Hepatitis B virus antibody (plasma-)titer determination from saliva. Additionally we show that plasma and saliva IgG profiles of 20 individuals are highly similar for 256 peptide antigens and match (unsupervised) with high probabilities. Finally, we argue for generalisation to the complete IgG antibody profile. The presented findings could contribute greatly to the development of saliva based diagnostic methods of numerous antibody based tests.
Highlights
The increasing expenses of healthcare systems and the increasing number of patients require an increase in efficiency in all healthcare related processes
The document is structured in the following way: We show that (i) we can isolate saliva IgG with high purity; (ii) we are able to infer anti-Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-antibodytiter from saliva; (iii) relative IgG antibody reactivities are highly similar in saliva and plasma and we can infer plasma IgG reactivities from saliva; (iv) immunological profiles are highly similar in saliva and plasma
We developed a method for isolating IgG from human saliva with high purity as the most important prerequisite for subsequent analyses
Summary
The increasing expenses of healthcare systems and the increasing number of patients require an increase in efficiency in all healthcare related processes. A promising opportunity to increase efficiency in diagnostic, screening or monitoring applications is the usage of saliva as diagnostic fluid due to good sample accessibility and a large variety of potential diagnostic and monitoring possibilities [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. Using saliva instead of blood has potential benefits especially for screening a high number of people or for usage in decentralized regions like for point of care (POC) or home testing: (i) sampling of saliva is simple, does not necessarily need trained staff and is usually readily available; (ii) saliva collection does not need health care professionals for drawing blood and in principle not even. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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