Abstract
Seawater salinity is an essential parameter to show the basic hydrological information of the ocean. Cladding etched fiber Bragg grating (CE-FBG) technology has potential in seawater salinity sensing because of its high sensitivity to surrounding refractive index. Here, we fabricated the different CE-FBG salinity sensing elements by using hydrofluoric (HF) acid based wet chemical etching. We encapsulated a CE-FBG and a bare FBG (B-FBG) into a salinity sensor to realize simultaneous measurement of seawater salinity and temperature. Various sensing characteristics of the CE-FBG, including salinity and temperature sensitivity, response time, hysteresis, repeatability, and long-term stability were investigated systematically. The salinity and temperature measurements of the CE-FBG sensor were highly consistent with those of the electronic salinometer, which indicates that fiber optic salinity sensor provides a new means for salinity measurement. Together, our results demonstrate the great potential of the CE-FBG salinity sensor for high sensitivity, long-term, and quasi-distributed seawater salinity monitoring.
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