Abstract
Introduction Regeneration therapy using adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) has been proposed in the treatment of skin aging. Myofibroblast plays a relevant role in the organization of the extracellular matrix of the damaged skin. A natural extract was derived from the eggs of the mollusk Cryptomphalus aspersa (e-CAF) that seems to play a role on skin repair. We have investigated the potential effects of e-CAF in the differentiation of ADSC. Materials and methods ADSC were cultured in the absence or presence of e-CAF (50 and 200 μg/mL) for 24 hours and 7 days. Real-time cell assay, morphological, immunofluorescence, and RT-PCR techniques were used to evaluate the cell culture and expression of αSMA, collagen I, and tropoelastin. Results e-CAF induced significant reduction in the rate of growth of ADSC from 24 hours to 7 days of culture. e-CAF also induced bigger sizes, higher levels of cytoplasmic refringence and complexity, and a more polyhedral morphological changes in the cultured ADSC. The protein and mRNA expression of αSMA was significantly increased in e-CAF-cultured ADSC. Conclusion e-CAF promotes ADSC differentiation to myofibroblasts and should be considered as a potential agent for the prevention and treatment of skin aging.
Highlights
Regeneration therapy using adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) has been proposed in the treatment of skin aging
Since the real-time cell assay (RTCA) showed a higher growth of control cultures, and the cells of this group were markedly smaller, these results show a double effect of e-CAF upon ADSC, both reducing their proliferation and promoting the gain of cellular volume
An extract obtained from the eggs of the mollusk Cryptomphalus aspersa (e-CAF) has been tested on human ADSC cultures in order to assess its effects on this cell lineage which may give rise to cells with cutaneous phenotype
Summary
Aging is a complex physiological process which causes a progressive decrease in the functionality of all human tissues, including skin. After the skin is injured, repair mechanisms are activated, including transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) expression, which induces fibroblast proliferation and migration to the wound site, and their differentiation towards myofibroblasts by increasing the expression of α-smooth muscle actin protein (α-SMA), promoting the secretion and assembly of new ECM components that renew the skin structural support and being responsible for tissue contractility during maturation [5, 6]. Subsequent analysis of myofibroblast markers showed an increase of this cell type in treated ADSC, pointing to an inductive effect of e-CAF towards this cell lineage For this determination, the selected markers were expression of αSMA, a cytoskeletal protein commonly used as a myofibroblast marker. These data suggest that e-CAF might modulate the effect in the ADSC differentiation This activity could be considered as a potential photoaging agent due to capacity of tissue repair and prevention of aging
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