Abstract
This paper describes a low-cost, small size, and high-sensitivity microwave sensor using a Complementary Circular Spiral Resonator (CCSR), which operates at around 2.4 GHz, for identifying liquid samples and determining their dielectric constants. The proposed sensor was fabricated and tested to effectively identify different liquids commonly used in daily life and determine the concentrations of various ethanol–water mixtures at by measuring the resonant frequency of the CCSR. Using acrylic paint, a square channel was drawn at the most sensitive position of the microwave sensor to ensure accuracy of the experiment. To estimate the dielectric constants of the liquids under test, an approximate model was established using a High-Frequency Simulator Structure (HFSS). The results obtained agree very well with the existing data. Two parabolic equations were calculated and fitted to identify unknown liquids and determine the concentrations of ethanol–water mixtures. Thus, our microwave sensor provides a method with high sensitivity and low consumption of material for liquid monitoring and determination, which proves the feasibility and broad prospect of this low-cost system in industrial application.
Highlights
In recent years, food safety and water pollution have greatly attracted much attention from both research groups and industry communities due to their close relations to people’s lives and ecological environments [1,2,3,4,5]
The microwave sensor consists of a microstrip transmission line and a Circular Spiral Resonator (CCSR) which is a proposed sensor is shown in Figure 1 [35]
L R represents the inductance of LC are the andmicrostrip capacitance and inductance of the CCSR, the which is described by the means of a parallel the line, CR is the coupling capacitance between microstrip line and ground, CC and tank
Summary
Food safety and water pollution have greatly attracted much attention from both research groups and industry communities due to their close relations to people’s lives and ecological environments [1,2,3,4,5]. A metamaterial-inspired microwave microfluidic sensor is proposed in reference [31], water–olive oil–ethanol, layer samples, which makes the method for the oil sands exploiting the advantageand of arag microstrip-coupled complementary split-ringattractive resonator, which can industry. Some the sensors above resonant-based microwave is presented to enable high-resolution sensing non-accessible suffer from their large sizesensor and required integration with other devices [27,32],in such as power applications, minimizing battery usage. The dielectric of materials test the sensor has the ability to identifyaccurate some common liquids and determineSimulator the concentrations can proposed be obtained by building a relatively model in a High-Frequency. Measurement costs, and proposed high sensitivity, makes the system for sensing applications a simple structure, easy operation, measurement accuracy, a very low sample consumption, and high. Materialswhich and Methods sensitivity, makes the system attractive for sensing applications [33,34]
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