Abstract
Background: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) has been shown to predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) endpoints and is associated with CVD risk factors and the metabolic syndrome. This study evaluated the association between hsCRP and CVD risk factors among Afro-Caribbean young adults in Jamaica.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Jamaica 1986 Birth Cohort Study. Data were collected between 2005 and 2007 when participants were 18–20 years old. All participants completed an interviewer administered questionnaire and had anthropometric and blood pressure (BP) measurements performed. Fasting blood samples were collected for measurement of glucose, lipids, and hsCRP. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors independently associated with high hsCRP.Results: Analyses included 342 men and 404 women with mean age 18.8 ± 0.6 years. Approximately 15% of the participants had high risk hsCRP (>3 mg/L), with a higher prevalence among women (20 vs. 9%; p < 0.001). The prevalence of elevated hsCRP increased with body mass index category, high waist circumference (WC), high triglycerides, low high density lipoprotein, and lower parental education among women, but only for high WC and lower parental education among men. In logistic regression models controlling for sex and parental education, high WC was associated with significantly higher odds of high hsCRP (OR 7.8, 95% CI 4.8–12.9, p < 0.001). In a similar model, high hsCRP was also associated with the number of metabolic syndrome components. Compared to participants with no metabolic syndrome component, having one metabolic syndrome component was associated with a twofold higher odds of high hsCRP (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3–3.8, p = 0.005), while having three components was associated with a 14-fold higher odds of high hsCRP (OR 13.5, 95% CI 2.4–76.0, p < 0.001).Conclusion: High hsCRP is common among Jamaican young adults and is strongly associated with central obesity and the number of metabolic syndrome components.
Highlights
Almost 50% of persons with acute myocardial infarction in the USA have no overt evidence of hyperlipidemia, and 15–20% have none of the traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors [1, 2]
The prevalence of elevated High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) increased with body mass index category, high waist circumference (WC), high triglycerides, low high density lipoprotein, and lower parental education among women, but only for high WC and lower parental education among men
In logistic regression models controlling for sex and parental education, high WC was associated with significantly higher odds of high hsCRP
Summary
Almost 50% of persons with acute myocardial infarction in the USA have no overt evidence of hyperlipidemia, and 15–20% have none of the traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors [1, 2]. Several clinical studies have demonstrated that chronic inflammation is a predictor of future CVD events and that biomarkers of inflammation can improve risk prediction in CVD [4,5,6]. Inflammation is an independent risk factor for both the metabolic syndrome and CVD [7, 8]. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) has been shown to predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) endpoints and is associated with CVD risk factors and the metabolic syndrome.
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