Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the associations between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and renal impairment (RI) among middle-aged and elderly people. We collected and analyzed demographic, anthropometric, metabolic, and renal function data in a community-based population in Northern Taiwan. We excluded subjects with acute inflammation from this study and defined RI as the presence of urinary albumin–creatinine ratio 30–300 mg/g or an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. There were 131, 125, and 125 participants in the low (≤0.80 mg/L), middle (0.81–1.76 mg/L), and high (>1.77 mg/L) hs-CRP tertiles, respectively. hs-CRP exhibited significantly positive correlations with body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, and fasting plasma glucose, and a negative correlation with high-density lipoprotein. The prevalence and odds ratio of RI significantly increased across hs-CRP tertiles from low to high, and this trend remained significant after adjusting for the conventional cardiometabolic risk factors. hs-CRP ≥ 1.61 mg/L in the total group and ≥2.03 mg/L in the elderly group accurately predicted RI (p = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively). These findings suggest that we should carefully evaluate the renal function for at-risk individuals with hs-CRP elevation.
Highlights
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein is considered to be an indicator of systemic inflammation. hs-CRP is elevated in patients with cardiometabolic risk factors such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components, including obesity, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia [1,2]
Mild and subclinical Renal impairment (RI) eventually develop into chronic kidney disease (CKD) or even end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which leads to a
Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), hs-CRP, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), TGs, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), and RI were significantly different across the tertiles
Summary
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is considered to be an indicator of systemic inflammation. hs-CRP is elevated in patients with cardiometabolic risk factors such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components, including obesity, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia [1,2].Renal impairment (RI) is one of the major complications in patients with the abovementioned cardiometabolic risk factors [3]. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is considered to be an indicator of systemic inflammation. Hs-CRP is elevated in patients with cardiometabolic risk factors such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components, including obesity, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia [1,2]. Renal impairment (RI) is one of the major complications in patients with the abovementioned cardiometabolic risk factors [3]. Mild and subclinical RI eventually develop into chronic kidney disease (CKD) or even end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which leads to a. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5878; doi:10.3390/ijerph17165878 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
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