High-Sensitivity and High-Resolution RI Sensor With Ultrawide Measurement Range Based on NCF With Large Offset Splicing and MPF Interrogation

Abstract

A high-sensitivity and high-resolution refractive index (RI) sensor with ultrawide measurement range based on no core fiber (NCF) with large offset splicing and microwave photonic filter (MPF) interrogation is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally for the first time. In the sensor, an inline Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based on NCF with large offset splicing is used as the sensing head, and a single-passband MPF is designed to interrogate the sensing signal. Compared with the traditional interrogation in optical domain, the MPF interrogation converts the periodic interference pattern in optical spectrum into the nonperiodic bandpass frequency response in radio frequency (RF) domain, so the measurement range is unlimited in principle. Owing to the large offset splicing in the inline MZI structure, the sensitivity of the sensor as high as −1.1054 GHz/RIU is obtained in the experiment. More importantly, MPF interrogation improves the resolution by an order of magnitude to <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$9\times10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> −7 RIU. Meanwhile, the sensitivity and the resolution of the sensor are easily adjusted by changing the length of dispersive media. The high sensitivity and high resolution of the sensor have potential applications in ultralow concentration biochemical detection field.