Abstract
This article approaches, in the five regions of Brazil, the universalization of High School, initial training and work conditions of teachers. The discussion was carried out based on educational indicators available at the National Research of Household Sample and the School Census. The analysis makes explicit disparities among the regions regarding to the universalization of access, most claimed in North and Northwest regions. Appropriate training has more requirements in Northwest and Central West regions. Similarly, better work conditions are most required in Central west, North and South. At the same time, it points, in the five regions, a context far from of the National Education Plan (2014-2024). It suggests that social quality of High School only will be a reality with insurance of universalization to young people from 15 to 17 years old and with all the teachers socially valued. It also demonstrates dimensions silenced nowadays in the Law number 13.415/2017 and its bet on flexibility.
Highlights
Introduction e access to BasicEducation and appreciation of education professionals were contemplated by the Law number 13.005/2014, which approved the Education National Plan (PNE in Portuguese acronym) for decennial 2014-2024 (BRASIL, 2014). e goals 1, 2, 3 and 4 are aligned to the obligation and gratuity of Basic Education for 4 to 17 age range, marked in the Federal Constitution through the Constitutional amendment number 59/2009 (BRASIL, 2009)
The High School remains unnecessary for young people from 15 to 17 years old, appropriate age to attend it. e Law previously mentioned only will be appropriate for young people from 15 to 17 years old, “if there were not inequalities to access the school, the discontinuous itineraries and the distortions in the educational system scope” (SILVA, 2015, p. 370)
Articulation between broader social relations and the intra-school dimensions accommodates the concept of social quality of High School. e right to High School with social quality constitutes a big challenge to the State, when considering Brazil with its regional asymmetries and social inequalities (DOURADO, 2013)
Summary
Instable training routes appear among young people who belong to the age group from 15 to 17 years old who are outside the school or retained in the Elementary School. Examining the Net Frequency Rate (TFL) enlarges the analysis when allows infer that less than half of young people from 15 to 17 years old who live in the North and Northwest regions are not enrolled in the High School. The goal 3 of the National Education Plan must to gain visibility and being materialized It establishes “universalize until 2016 school attendance for all the population from 15 ( een) to 17 (seventeen) years old and raise, until the period of validity of this PNE (National Education Plan), the Net Rate of Enrollment in the High School to 85% (eighty ve percent)” (BRASIL, 2014). We highlight that whether the tendencies were kept, the regions will not reach the 85% of Net Frequency Rate (TFL) proposed by the goal 3: in other words, many young people who belong to the age group from 15 to 17 years old will continue retained in the Elementary School or excluded from school. Enlarging the enrollment in the High School with the Net Frequency Rate (TFL) suggests, according to Kuenzer (2011, p. 675), “e ective investment in policies that integrate training, carrier, remuneration and decent working conditions”. ese conditions are necessary to face a historical reality of scarcity, inadequacy and de-professionalization of the teacher, “based on severe impacts on the quality of the High School” (KUENZER, 2011, p. 675)
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