High sacrectomy for locally recurrent rectal cancer: Can long‐term survival be achieved?

Abstract

Locally recurrent rectal cancer involving the upper sacrum is generally considered a contra-indication to curative surgery. The aim of this study was to determine if a survival benefit was seen in patients undergoing high sacrectomy. All patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer involving the sacrum above the 3rd sacral body between 1999 and 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed. Nine patients were identified with a median age of 63 years. The proximal extent of sacral resection was through S2 (n = 6), S1 (n = 2), and L5-S1 (n = 1). All patients had R0 negative-margin resection. Median operative time was 13.7 hr, and median operative blood transfusion was 3.7 L. Thirty-day mortality was nil. Postoperative complications requiring surgical intervention occurred in three patients. Local re-recurrence in the pelvis occurred in one patient. The overall median survival was 31 months (range, 2-39 months). Three patients still alive are free of disease after 40, 76, and 101 months, respectively. Ultimately, all deaths were due to metastatic disease. High sacrectomy that achieves clear margins in patients with recurrent rectal cancer is safe and feasible. A majority will die of metastatic disease, but long-term survival may be possible in some patients.