High-resolution tracking of cell division demonstrates differential effects of TH1 and TH2 cytokines on SCF-dependent human mast cell production in vitro:correlation with apoptosis and Kit expression

Abstract

AbstractT-helper 1 (TH1) (interferon-γ [IFN-γ]) and TH2 (interleukin-4 [IL-4] and IL-5) cytokines have been variably reported to alter human mast cell numbers in complex culture systems. The effects of these cytokines on the kinetics of cell division and cell death are unknown, and their effect on mast cell behavior is relevant to anticipate the consequences of in vivo strategies that alter cytokine levels. To determine the effect of these cytokines on stem cell factor (SCF)–dependent human mast cell production, we used highresolution tracking of cell division and correlated the results with cell apoptosis, expression of Kit, and mast cell degranulation. When IFN-γ, IL-5, or IL-4 was administered over 8 weeks, we found each cytokine decreased the mast number through a different mechanism. IFN-γ inhibited early progenitor cell division, IL-4 down-regulated early Kit expression, and IL-5 blocked later cell division. Further, IL-4 and IFN-γ had the greatest suppressive effect on degranulation and FcϵRI expression. When these cytokines were administered to mature mast cells, IFN-γ and IL-5 had no effect on degranulation and cell division, but IL-4 induced division and potentiated FcϵRI-mediated degranulation. Thus, exposure of human mast cells to IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-γ during growth and differentiation generally down-regulated mast cell number and function, whereas IL-4 increased mature mast cell division and degranulation.