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Abstract
There is a need for accurate monitoring of PM2.5 that adversely affects human health. Consequently, in addition to the monitoring performed by fixed microbalance instruments installed under legal obligation, we are proposing to deploy the Pollutrack network of mobile sensors within the city of Paris (France). The measurements are performed by mobile aerosol counters mounted on the roof of cars, providing a constant series of readings in the 0.3–10 µm size range that are then aggregated to identify areas of mass concentrations of pollution. The performance of the Pollutrack sensors has been established in ambient air in comparison with the microbalance measurement devices and with the Light Optical Aerosols Counter (LOAC) aerosol counter. A measurement uncertainty of about 5 µg. m−3 is obtained with absolute values from the Pollutrack measurements made at a given location. Instead of the current modelizations based on very few PM2.5 values, maps built from real measurements with a spatial resolution down to 100 m can now be produced each day for Paris, and potentially for specific times of the day, thanks to the high number of measurements achievable with the Pollutrack system (over 70,000 on weekdays). Interestingly, the global trend of PM2.5 content shows several significant pollution events in 2020 despite the COVID-19 crisis and the lockdown. The Pollutrack pollution maps recorded during different PM2.5 pollution conditions in the city frequently identified a strong spatial heterogeneity where the North and the East of Paris were more polluted than the west. These “hot spots” could be due to the city topology and its sensitivity to wind direction and intensity. These high-resolution maps will be crucial in creating evidence for the relevant authorities to respond appropriately to local sources of pollution and to improve the understanding of transportation of urban PM.
Highlights
Atmospheric pollution by particulate matter (PM) in urban conditions is of crucial importance for human health [1,2,3]
Laboratory tests have been conducted in a closed chamber with 10 Pollutrack sensors using Arizona sand grains in dry conditions and KCl particles in wet conditions, to produce PM2.5 mass concentrations in the 20–700 μg. m−3 and 50–150 μg. m−3 respectively
Laboratory tests have been conducted in a closed chamber with 10 Pollutrack sensors using Arizona sand grains in dry conditions and KCl particles in wet conditions, to4 opfr1o7duce PM2.5 mass concentrations in the 20–700 μg. m−3 and 50–150 μg. m−3 respectively
Summary
Atmospheric pollution by particulate matter (PM) in urban conditions is of crucial importance for human health [1,2,3]. The spatial distribution of particle concentrations can vary significantly depending on the dispersion of air mass driven by the urban topography and the local sources This needs to be studied in greater detail to accurately evaluate the exposure of the population to pollution at a more local level. Another LOAC instrument has been used at ground level since 2017 at the SIRTA observatory, Palaiseau, south of the Paris region Such instruments have allowed us to study some pollution events and the variation of the size distributions and concentrations depending on the origins of the pollution, but these fixed stations cannot provide information on the spatial variability of the PM number concentrations within the urban topology. We will present the instrument used for the project, evidence of its accuracy obtained during various sessions of inter-comparison with different instruments providing PM mass and number concentrations, and the main results obtained with this mobile network for 2020
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