High-resolution manometry in the diagnosis of oesophageal motility disorders

Abstract

Esophageal high-resolution manometry is a modern method of diagnosis performed worldwide as the gold standard for assessing esophageal motility. The Chicago classification is applied to interpret the manometric findings. It provides a standardized approach to the analysis and classification of motility disorders, which facilitates a diagnosis of esophageal motility disorders and helps select a tactic for treatment. There are four major categories of motility disorders: 1. Disorders with esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (types I, II, III achalasia, esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction). 2. Major disorders of peristalsis (distal esophageal spasm, jackhammer esophagus, absent contractility). 3. Minor disorders of peristalsis (ineffective motility, fragmented peristalsis) 4. Normal esophageal motility. Only primary esophageal motility disorders are addressed in the Chicago Classification. Motility disorders of the upper esophageal sphincter, motility abnormalities after surgical esophagus interventions do not have classification criteria. However, in the future the Chicago classification is expected to be improved and expanded to cover these disorders.