Abstract
Observations of optical synchrotron radiation emitted over millions of passes from a few electrons circulating in the particle accumulator ring at the Advanced Photon Source were performed with a digital CMOS camera and a synchroscan streak camera operating at 117.3 MHz. Discrete changes of integrated counts in the CMOS image region of interest are ascribed to single electron steps in a 10-s sensor integration time. Circulations of a single electron at 375 and at 425 MeV were demonstrated in the 12-bit digital CMOS camera images. The streak camera operating at the 12th harmonic of the fundamental revolution frequency at 9.77 MHz was used to measure the bunch length from 0.5-nC circulating charge down to tens of electrons or $<10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{aC}$. The measurements were performed with $\ensuremath{\sim}8\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{ps}$ temporal resolution uniquely at such ultralow charges. These results also serve as a proof-of-principle longitudinal profile diagnostic for the predicted effects of optical stochastic cooling at low charge in commissioning experiments at the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator ring.
Highlights
Since the first identification of optical synchrotron radiation (OSR) emitted from a circulating beam transiting dipolar magnetic fields in a synchrotron ring in the middle of the last century [1], major light source facilities based on storage rings have been constructed for visible, UV, and eventually x-ray research
The 12-bit digital CMOS camera, was able to track the average region of interest (ROI) intensity signals down to the few-electron range (Q ∼ 1 aC) and even to a single electron stored with 10-s sensor integration times
We performed initial investigations of OSR emissions from a few electrons stored in the particle accumulator ring (PAR) at 375 and 425 MeV with a digital CMOS camera and with a synchroscan streak camera
Summary
Since the first identification of optical synchrotron radiation (OSR) emitted from a circulating beam transiting dipolar magnetic fields in a synchrotron ring in the middle of the last century [1], major light source facilities based on storage rings have been constructed for visible, UV, and eventually x-ray research. The damping process involves both a fundamental rf system at 9.77 MHz and a 12th harmonic system at 117.3 MHz, and the linac pulse train of 10-ns duration is damped in
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