Abstract
Seismic refraction tomography (SRT) involves more complex mathematic algorithms to fit more flexible model. In the field procedure SRT in generally needs more shot points than standard seismic refraction survey to obtain high resolution profile. In this seismic refraction study, we have used 9 shot-points for inline and 10 shot-points for offset in purpose to obtaine high resolution of seismic refraction tomography. During a recent geophysical test site, the subsurface material was mapped along survey line using seismic refraction method. Analyses of the site investigation data revealed that the studied site was made up of two layers of the subsurface. The upper layer has velocity values with range of 500 m/s to1500 m/s which can be classified as unconsolidated surface deposits and mixtures of unsaturated sands and gravels. Meanwhile the lower layer has velocity values with range of2000 m/s to5500 m/s which is classified as compacted fine’s soil due to high pressure of the overburden. Analysis of seismic refraction data demonstrated that refraction tomography software systems are able to reveal subsurface material which represented by their seismic velocity value. Furthermore, the velocity model obtained in this study is agreed with its synthetic modelling result as initial model. This validity and reasonable results was able to assist in interpretation of the seismic refraction method for the environmental study.
Highlights
The seismic refraction surveying was the first major geophysical method to be applied in the search for oil bearing structures
The upper layer has velocity values with range of 500 m/s to 1500 m/s which can be classified as unconsolidated surface deposits and mixtures of unsaturated sands and gravels
Analysis of seismic refraction data demonstrated that refraction tomography software systems are able to reveal subsurface material which represented by their seismic velocity value
Summary
The seismic refraction surveying was the first major geophysical method to be applied in the search for oil bearing structures. Oil exploration relies almost exclusively on some variety of modern reflection seismographs. Recent progress in exploration geophysics has stemmed from the computer-assisted processing and enhancement of the data interpretation. Seismic refraction surveys are still used occasionally in oil exploration, where they can assist in resolving complicated problems in structural geology. The application of seismic refraction method in the oil industry has diminished over the years, the method has found increasing use for site investigation for civil engineering. It is a valuable investigation tool well-suited for shallow surveys, when used in conjunction with the exploratory drill
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