Abstract
High resolution imaging can provide in depth understanding of the bone quality. Vitamin D has been used to improve bone in health in patient with high risk of vitamin D deficiency. This review provides some information about determining the effect of vitamin D on bone quality as measured by high resolution peripheral imaging.
Highlights
Most of the literature investigating the optimal level of vitamin D is based on its effects on bone health and on determining the effect of conventional and high doses of vitamin D supplementation on bone density
Two systematic reviews and meta-analysis of the effect of vitamin D supplements on bone density in both the elderly and in adolescents indicate that vitamin D supplementation in a population with an adequate level of vitamin D is unlikely to improve bone density Reid & Winzenberg et al [1,2]
In a recent trial of horse jockeys, 400 IU of vitamin D supplementation and 800 mg of calcium in a population of those with sufficient vitamin D were found to significantly improve several Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT) parameters at the proximal tibia (66%) Silk et al [4] but no significant positive effect was detected at the radius in young male jockeys Silk et al [4]
Summary
Most of the literature investigating the optimal level of vitamin D is based on its effects on bone health and on determining the effect of conventional and high doses of vitamin D supplementation on bone density. Several studies have investigated the effect of conventional or a single high dose vitamin D on bone density. The baseline level of serum 25 (OH) D may be an important determinant for the effectiveness of vitamin D supplements in improving bone density. A common issue in reporting the effect of vitamin D on bone density is the fact that most studies have relied on areal BMD (as measured by DXA which is just surrogate measure of bone density) to determine the effect of the treatment. More advanced techniques in bone densitometry such as high-resolution imaging may lead to a better understanding of the relationship between vitamin D and bone structure
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