Abstract
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are a promising and sustainable alternative to internal combustion engines for automotive applications. Polymeric perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) plays a key role in PEMFCs as a proton conductor in the anode and cathode catalyst layers and in the electrolyte membrane. In this study, spectroscopic scanning coherent diffraction imaging (spectro-ptychography) and spectro-ptychographic tomography were used to quantitatively image PFSA ionomers in PEMFC cathodes in both two and three dimensions. We verify that soft X-ray ptychography gives significant spatial resolution improvement on soft matter polymeric materials. A two-dimensional spatial resolution of better than 15 nm was achieved. With better detectors and brighter and more coherent X-ray beams, radiation-sensitive PFSA ionomers will be visualized with acceptable levels of chemical and structural modification. This work is a step toward visualization of ionomers in PEMFC cathodes at high spatial resolution ...
Published Version
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