Abstract
Currently, satellite images can be used to document historical or archaeological sites in areas that are distant, dangerous, or expensive to visit, and they can be used instead of basic fieldwork in several cases. Nowadays, they have final resolution on 35–50 cm, which can be limited for searching of fine structures. Results using the analysis of very high resolution (VHR) satellite data and super resolution data from drone on an object nearby Palpa, Peru are discussed in this article. This study is a part of Nasca project focused on using satellite data for documentation and the analysis of the famous geoglyphs in Peru near Palpa and Nasca, and partially on the documentation of other historical objects. The use of drone shows advantages of this technology to achieve high resolution object documentation and analysis, which provide new details. The documented site was the “Pista” geoglyph. Discovering of unknown geoglyphs (a bird, a guinea pig, and other small drawings) was quite significant in the area of the well-known geoglyph. The new data shows many other details, unseen from the surface or from the satellite imagery, and provides the basis for updating current knowledge and theories about the use and construction of geoglyphs.
Highlights
Remote sensing and Google Earth using satellite images became an instrument for archaeological documentation and research at the beginning of the new millennium [1]
Satellite images can be used for the basic mapping of historical or archaeological sites around the world without personally participating in the site
Data from satellites can be processed to an orthophoto or to a digital relief or digital surface model (DRM and DSM), but based on experiences, it is evident that the resolution of satellite DSM is not usually sufficient for archaeological purposes for fine structure detection
Summary
Remote sensing and Google Earth using satellite images became an instrument for archaeological documentation and research at the beginning of the new millennium [1]. Very high resolution (VHR) satellite data with a ground sampling distance (GSD) better than 1 m have been at disposal for civilian purposes since 1999 They support a new analytical possibility in archaeology and historical object documentation. There is and GSD 5 cm; the better resolution can be important in special cases—e.g., searching of fine a gap between remotely sensed data with GSD 50 cm and GSD 5 cm; the better resolution details in orthophoto or in shaded digital surface model. Can be important in special cases—e.g., searching of fine details in orthophoto or in shaded digital This problem can solve use of RPAS (remotely piloted aircraft system or simple “drones”), surface model. They typically provide data with a GSD better than 5 cm. Such an area is Peru, where more advanced civilizations existed in the dry coastal areas before the conquest
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