Abstract
Urban flooding and thermal stress have become key issues for many cities around the world. With the continuing effects of climate change, these two issues will become more acute and will add to the serious problems already experienced in dense urban areas. Therefore, the sectors of public health and disaster management are in the need of tools that can assess the vulnerability to floods and thermal stress. The present paper deals with the combination of innovative tools to address this challenge. Three cities in different climatic regions with various urban contexts have been selected as the pilot areas to demonstrate these tools. These cities are Tainan (Taiwan), Ayutthaya (Thailand) and Groningen (Netherlands). For these cities, flood maps and heat stress maps were developed and used for the comparison analysis. The flood maps produced indicate vulnerable low-lying areas, whereas thermal stress maps indicate open, unshaded areas where high Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) values (thermal comfort) can be expected. The work to date indicates the potential of combining two different kinds of maps to identify and analyse the problem areas. These maps could be further improved and used by urban planners and other stakeholders to assess the resilience and well-being of cities. The work presented shows that the combined analysis of such maps also has a strong potential to be used for the analysis of other challenges in urban dense areas such as air and water pollution, immobility and noise disturbance.
Highlights
Stormwater flooding and thermal stress have become two very important issues for most urbanised areas
Due to the climate change, the two issues of flooding and thermal stress are expected to increase in frequency and impact in the near future, especially for dense urban areas
The flood map of Tainan was made for the scenario of a three days heavy rain of over 1200 mm
Summary
Stormwater flooding and thermal stress have become two very important issues for most urbanised areas. Municipalities and authorities in charge of water management, urban planning and building construction need insight into the risks of the storm water flooding and thermal stress. This is required in order to develop cost effective mitigating measures, preferably at a street or even house level. Due to the climate change, the two issues of flooding and thermal stress are expected to increase in frequency and impact in the near future, especially for dense urban areas. Extreme heat waves result in a significant increase in the urban mortality rate due to heat stress [1]
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