Abstract

The Boundary Element Fast Multipole Method for computational electromagnetic modeling of transcranial neurostimulation methods is applied to the high-resolution MIDA human head model to investigate the effects of cancellous bone and dura mater on transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (TES). After validating the model and method against commercial electromagnetic software, we show that the cancellous bone of the skull and the dura mater have a negligible effect on TMS but a substantial effect on TES. Further investigation shows that the electric field induced by TES at the inner cortical surface for a simplified model might be proportional to the electric field at the same location for the full model, but this simple scaling operation likely does not hold for the outer cortical surface.

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