Abstract
Because sewage sludge is contaminated with heavy metals, its disposal in the soil may pose risks to the ecosystem. Thus, heavy metal remediation is necessary to reduce the associated risks. The goal of this research is to introduce a heavy metal resistant species and to assess its phytoremediation, oxidative damage markers and stress tolerance mechanisms. To this end, field research was done to compare the vegetation of polluted sites to that of a healthy site. We found 42 plant species identified in the study, Sesuvium portulacastrum L. was chosen because of its high relative density (10.3) and maximum frequency (100 percent) in the most contaminated areas. In particular, S. portulacastrum plants were characterized by strong Cu, Ni, and As uptake. At the organ level, to control growth reduction and oxidase damage, particularly in roots, increased detoxification (e.g., metallothionein, phytochelatins) and antioxidants mechanisms (e.g., tocopherols, glutathione, peroxidases). On the other hand, flavonoids content and the activity of glutathione-S transferase, glutathione reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase were increased manly in the shoots. These biochemical markers can be applied to select tolerance plant species grown under complex heavy metal contamination. Our findings also introduced S. portulacastrum to reduce soil contamination0associated risks, making the land resource available for agricultural production.
Highlights
Published: 22 December 2021Heavy metals discharged into the environment as a result of human activities can create major pollution [1]
In the most polluted site, S. portulacastrum L. had the highest frequency of 100% with 10.3 relative density
Our results revealed that plants grown in soil contaminated with heavy metals recorded significant increases in FRAP by 60% and 81% in the shoots and roots of S. portulacastrum grown in site 4, respectively
Summary
Published: 22 December 2021Heavy metals discharged into the environment as a result of human activities can create major pollution [1]. Sludge dumping and large-scale effluent water generation resulted in heavy metal contamination in soil [2]. Heavy metals have a high rate of transfer from soil to forage and food crops; its presence in the soil in high concentration will induce their accumulation in plants [3] As a result, they disrupt plant metabolism and growth; their accumulation in plants poses a serious hazard to human and animal health as a result of food chain bio-magnification [3]. It was documented that environmental disturbances can be identified by looking at species diversity, annual species density, perennial species density, and vegetation cover These ecological traits are essential for identifying prospective indicator species as well as monitoring pollution effects [5].
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