Abstract
High rate capability is one of the most important properties in Li-ion batteries for electric vehicle and/or energy grid use. Herein, a high-power electrode material consisting of dual-substituted LiFePO4 by zirconium and silicon, Li(Fe0.95Zr0.05)(P0.9Si0.1)O4, was developed as it exhibits small lattice volume change between Li-rich and Li-poor phases. The dual-substituted cathode exhibited 1.1–4.4 times larger charge/discharge capacities for upper 10 C rates than that of the undoped material. Time-resolved XRD measurements at the high rate of 10 C revealed the formation of a metastable intermediate phase during the Li intercalation/deintercalation processes which triggers the continuous phase transition in Li(Fe0.95Zr0.05)(P0.9Si0.1)O4 with moderation of the lattice mismatch. Controlling the lattice volume change between the initial and end phase of the intercalation materials is key to achieving high rate capabilities.
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