Abstract
LiMn1−1.5xCexPO4/C (x=0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) are synthesized by an efficient solvothermal synthesis in water/diethylene glycol system. The structures and morphologies of all samples are studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results suggest that trivalent Ce3+ doping has no influence on the valence state of Mn2+ in LiMnPO4/C. The Ce-doped LiMn1−1.5xCexPO4/C (x≠0) materials show better cycling stability and high rate capability than the pristine LiMnPO4/C (LCe0). The Ce3+ doping content has an obvious influence on the electrochemical performances of LiMn1−1.5xCexPO4/C. After 50 cycles at 0.1C, the LiMn0.955Ce0.03PO4/C (LCe3) exhibits the highest discharge capacity of 132.3mAhg−1 (95.4 % of its initial discharge capacity), while LCe0 delivers only 115.1mAhg−1 (85.5 % capacity retention). And LCe3 also has the best high rate capability, which can still deliver 78.2mAhg−1 at 10C in comparison with 49.6mAhg−1 of LCe0. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements suggest that Ce3+ doping not only improves the electronic conductivity of LiMnPO4/C, but also facilitates the diffusion of lithium ion in bulk materials.
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