Abstract
With the aim to develop high rate and thermally stable cathode materials as potential alternatives for spinel-type LiMn2O4 and layered LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, monodispersed porous gradient microspheres with a well-developed layered crystal structure (total composition being close to LiNi0.2Co0.3Mn0.5O2) are successfully prepared in this work. The preparation mechanism and the effect of L-ascorbic acid on the morphology, composition, crystal structures of carbonate precursors, intermediate oxides and the electrochemical properties of LiNi0.2Co0.3Mn0.5O2 are succinctly discussed. Benefiting from the unique morphology and gradient composition distribution, both cathode materials newly developed by using carbonate precursors prepared without and with L-ascorbic acid (namely LNCMO and LNCMO-VC, respectively), exhibit excellent rate capabilities, cyclic and thermal stability. Particularly, the cell based on LNCMO-VC delivers an initial discharge capacity of about 136, 129, 122 and 89mAhg−1 and retained 95.5%, 89.4%, 85.4% and 76.1% of its initial capacity after 100 cycles at a current density corresponding to 0.5C, 1C, 2C and 5C within a voltage window of 3–4.3V (1C=278mAhg−1), respectively.
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