Abstract
Controlled terminologies play an integral role in biomedical informatics applications whenever such applications use information to carry out symbolic reasoning. Early, prominent examples include Mycin [1], which included terms for clinical findings in its rules and presented diagnosis and treatment terms in its recommendations, and the Internist-1 system [2], which matched a list of symptom and physical finding terms against a knowledge base of disease terms. While PubMed [3], at the US National Library of Medicine (NLM), can carry out literature retrieval with simple text searching, it also makes use of controlled terms to focus that retrieval. Today, everything from automated health surveys to electronic health records makes use of some kind of controlled terminology to condense users’ input into a set of symbols that can be recognized and manipulated.
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