Abstract
Factors that affect sperm quality can include method of semen collection, conditions for capacitation and whether or not agglutination is present. Media and procedures for sperm washing can also impair or improve sperm function in assisted reproductive technologies. For example, the removal of seminal fluid through large volume washing is required to eliminate decapacitation activity of seminal plasma. The forces involved with centrifugation and the metabolic stress of tightly pelleting sperm during washing procedures can have deleterious results. In contrast to human sperm, sperm from the most commonly used species of nonhuman primates, rhesus and cynomolgus macaques, do not spontaneously capacitate in vitro; rather, chemical activation with dibutryl cyclic AMP and caffeine is required. Recognizing motility patterns of non-activated and activated sperm can be accomplished with simple observation. After activation, sperm agglutination sometimes occurs and can interfere with sperm binding to the zona pellucida. Because nonhuman primate oocytes require a large investment to produce and currently, each animal can be hormonally stimulated a limited number of times, it is important to have means to evaluate quality prior to using sperm from a new male for in vitro fertilization. Methods for producing live, acrosome reacted sperm may also have application for ICSI. Because many genetically valuable males are now being identified, it may be necessary to individualize sperm preparation to accommodate male-to-male variation.
Highlights
The necessity of high quality sperm preparations may appear less important as ART advance in nonhuman primates
The study of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in humans and nonhuman primates has revealed that the use of randomly selected sperm for this procedure can result in various anomalies of sperm decondensation and embryonic development [1]
The processing of rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) semen for recovery of high quality spermatozoa has its basis in methods developed more than 20 years ago when in vitro fertilization (IVF) was first achieved for rhesus monkey oocytes [3]
Summary
The necessity of high quality sperm preparations may appear less important as ART advance in nonhuman primates. In a review of human clinical ICSI reports, chromosomal and genetic abnormalities are increased, but are most likely a result of underlying parental risk of the couples that require this procedure to achieve pregnancy [2] These studies have underscored the importance of sperm quality for ART procedures. The important modification in macaque spermatozoa processing was the discovery that cAMP and caffeine were required for rhesus monkey sperm to acquire fertilizing ability [6]. This chemical method for capacitation is often referred to as "activation.". The same basic method for sperm processing was used for the first successful IVF in the cynomolgus monkey [8]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
