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Abstract
Phase change materials (PCMs) are attracting more and more attentions as enabling materials for tunable nanophotonics. They can be processed into functional photonic devices through customized laser writing, providing great flexibility for fabrication and reconfiguration. Lithium Niobate (LN) has excellent nonlinear and electro-optical properties, but is difficult to process, which limits its application in nanophotonic devices. In this paper, we combine the emerging low-loss phase change material with LN and propose a new type of high Q resonant metasurface. Simulation results show that the -LN metasurface has extremely narrow linewidth of 0.096 nm and high quality (Q) factor of 15,964. With LN as the waveguide layer, strong nonlinear properties are observed in the hybrid metasurface, which can be employed for optical switches and isolators. By adding a pair of Au electrodes on both sides of the LN, we can realize dynamic electro-optical control of the resonant metasurface. The ultra-low loss of , and its combination with LN, makes it possible to realize a new family of high Q resonant metasurfaces for actively tunable nanophotonic devices with widespread applications including optical switching, light modulation, dynamic beam steering, optical phased array and so on.
Highlights
Attracted by the rewritable and non-volatile characteristics of phase change materials (PCMs), extensive works have been done to explore them for tunable optics [1,2,3].Ge2 Sb2 Te5 (GST) and VO2 are probably the commonest PCMs in nanophotonics [4,5,6]
With the ultra-low optical absorption and relatively high refractive index, phase change material Sb2 S3 provides a promising choice for high Q resonant nanophotonics
We have demonstrated a type of resonant Sb2 S3 -Lithium Niobate (LN) metasurface and shown its promising applications in active nanophotonics
Summary
Attracted by the rewritable and non-volatile characteristics of phase change materials (PCMs), extensive works have been done to explore them for tunable optics [1,2,3]. We combine phase change material Sb2 S3 with LN for the first time and propose a type of resonant Sb2 S3 -LN metasurface, where a thin Sb2 S3 layer locates on top of a LN film and works as a subwavelength refractive index grating. Such a refractive index grating is comprised of periodical distributions of amorphous and crystalline Sb2 S3 , which can be “written”, “erased” or “rewritten” with a customized writing beam (laser or ion). Combining with the nonlinear and electro-optical properties of LN, the hybrid metasurface provides unprecedented possibility of active nanophotonics such as nonlinear propagation and electro-optical control
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