Abstract
Weight loss (WL) interventions have been shown to benefit fat mass loss. However, adverse cardiovascular complications may be associated with WL. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of a high-protein, intermittent-fasting, low-calorie (HP-IF-LC) diet on blood lipids and arterial function during WL and weight-loss maintenance (WL-M). METHODS: Forty obese men (n = 21) and women (n = 19) participated in this study. This experiment was split into two consecutive phases: (a) 12-week HP-IF-LC diet (WL, Phase 1); (b) a 1-year WL maintenance comparing HP-IF with a heart healthy (HH) diet (WL-M, Phase 2). We assessed body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, circulating lipids, and arterial function at baseline (week 0), post-Phase 1 (week 12), post-Phase 2 (week 64). Two way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to determine the main effects and Post hoc test was performed if there was an interaction. RESULTS: Body composition, arterial function, blood lipids were all significantly improved following 12-week WL phase (BMI: 37.5 ± 0.9 vs. 33.7 ± 0.8 kg/m2; waist circumference: 116.3 ± 2.3 vs. 100.8 ± 2.0 cm, p < 0.001); (LDL: 145.9 ± 11.5 vs. 96.6 ± 7.0 mg/dL; total cholesterol: 116.9 ± 4.6 vs. 102.7 ± 4.2 mg/dL, p < 0.01); (HR: 64.9 ± 1.6 vs. 60.4 ± 1.5 bpm, p < 0.01; systolic BP: 125.2 ± 1.7 vs. 116.1 ± 1.8 mmHg; diastolic BP: 79.5 ± 1.8 vs. 70.3 ± 1.2 mmHg, p < 0.001), respectively. For Phase 2, HP-IF diet group showed less weight gain relapse and enhanced arterial function compared to the HH diet. CONCLUSION: A 12 week HP-IF-LC WL diet effectively improved body composition, lipid profile, and arterial function in obese men and women. Furthermore, HP-IF diet demonstrated an advantage in minimizing weight relapse and improvement of cardiovascular health compared to HH diet during 1 year WL-M.Funding was provided to PJA from Isagenix International LLC (#1307-347)
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